Bibliography

Indentureship in the Dutch Caribbean

Algoe, R.K. 2011, ‘Institutional Development of Christianity, Hinduism and Islam in Suriname and Trinidad: An exploration in Religious Practice and Festivities from 1900-2010’ in Academic Journal of Suriname, Vol. 2, pp. 186-197.

Ali, B. Ahmad, 1976, ‘De Islam in Suriname’ in Al Haq, Nos. 59/60, September-October, pp. 13-28.

Ankum-Houwink, J. 1974, ‘Chinese Contract migrants in Surinam between 1853 and 1870’ in Boletin de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe, Vol. 17, pp. 42-69.

Anon. 2013, ‘New Evidence Emerges of Indentured Indians’ Mass Graves in Suriname’, Firstpost.com, 23 January 2013. https://www.firstpost.com/world/new-evidence-emerges-of-indentured-indians-mass-graves-in-suriname-599547.html.

Araxa, U. 1968, Ritual Songs and Folksongs of the Hindus of Surinam, E.J. Brill, Leiden.

Arya, U. 1968, Ritual Songs and Folksongs of the Hindus of Surinam, Brill, Leiden.

Bakker, F.L. 1999, Hindoes in een Creoolse Wereld, Meinema, Zoetermeer.

Bal, E. & Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. 2011, ’Muslims in Surinam and the Netherlands, and the divided homeland‘ in Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 25 (2), pp. 193-217.

Bal, E. & Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. 2010, ‘Bharat-wasie or Surinamie: Hindustani Notions of Belonging in Suriname and the Netherlands’ in Eriksen, T.H., Bal, E. & Salemink, O. (eds.) A World of Insecurity: Anthropological Perspectives on Human Security, Pluto Press, London.

Bal, E. & Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. 2008, ‘Religious Identity, Territory, and Partition: India and its Muslim Diaspora in Surinam and the Netherlands‘ in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 14 (2), p. 155-188.

Bal, E. & Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. 2007a, ‘No ‘Holy Cows‘ in Surinam: India, Communal relations, Identity Politics, and the Hindostani Diaspora in Surinam’ in SACS, 1 (2), pp. 17-35.

Bal, E. & Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. 2007b, ‘Separated by the Partition? Muslim of British Indian Descent in Mauritius and Suriname’ in Oonk, G. (ed.) Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.

Bal, E. & Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. 2006, ‘British Indians in colonial India and Surinam: Transnational identification and estrangement‘ in Focaal- European Journal of Anthropology, 47, pp. 105-119.

Bal, E. & Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. 2005, ‘Muslims in Surinam and the Netherlands, and the Divided Homeland‘ in Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 25 (2), pp. 193-217.

Bal, E. & Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. 2004, ‘Een Hindostaanse diaspora: India en de Moslim Hindostanen in Nederland en Suriname‘ in OSO Tijdschrift voor Surinamistiek, 2 (November), pp. 236-256.

Bal, E. & Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. 2003a, ‘Hindostaanse Surinamers en India: Gedeeld verleden, gedeelde identiteit?‘ in OSO Tijdschrift voor Surinamistiek, 2 (November)., pp. 214-235.

Bal, E. & Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. 2003b, ‘’Eternal call of the Ganga‘: Reconnecting with people of Indian origin in Surinam’ in Economic and Political Weekly, 38 (September), pp. 4008-4022.

Benton, G. 2022, Chinese Indentured Labour in the Dutch East Indies, 1880-1942: Tin, Tobacco, Timber and the Penal Sanction, Springer International Publishing, New York.

Bhagwanbali, R. 2011, Tetary- de koppige. Het verzet van Hindoestanen tegen het Indentured Labour System in Suriname, 1873-1916, Amrit, The Hague.

Bhagwanbali, R. 2010, De nieuwe awatar van slavernij. Hindoestaanse migranten onder het indentured labour system naar Suriname, 1873-1916, Amrit, The Hague.

Bhagwanbali, R. 1996, Contracten voor Suriname: Arbeidsmigratie vanuit Brits-Indië onder het indentured-labourstelsel, 1873-1916, Amrit, The Hague.

Bihari, S. 1971, ‘Hindostaanse Muziekinstrumenten’ in New West Indian Guide, 48 (1), pp. 193-200.

Boedjarath, I. 2017, ‘Gender-Specific Problems among Surinamese Hindustanis: Suicide and Alcoholism’ in Hassankhan, M.S., Roopnarine, L. & Mahase, R. (eds.) Social and Culturl Dimensions of Indian Indentured Labour and Its Diaspora: Past and Present, Routledge, London, pp. 113-148.

Bosch, A.L. 2002, Beknopt Nederlands-Sarnami Hindoestani Woordenboek, Instituut voor Taalwetenschap, Paramaribo.

Budike, F. & Mungra, B. 1986, Creolen en Hindostanen, Unieboek, Houten.

Burg, C. J.G. van der. 1991, ‘The Structural Conditioning of Identity Formation: Surinamese Hindus and Religious Policy in the Netherlands‘ in Shadid, W.A.R. & van Koningsveld Kok, P.S. (eds.), The Integration of Islam and Hinduism in Western Europe, Pharos, Delhi.

Carlin, E.B., Léglise, I., Migge, B. & Tjon Sie Fat, P.B. (eds.) 2014, In and Out of Suriname: Language, Mobility and Identity, Brill, Leiden.

Chickrie, R. 2011, ‘Muslims in Suriname: Facing Triumphs and Challenges in a Plural Society’ in Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 31 (1), pp. 79-99.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2021, ‘From Suriname to India: The Remigration of Hindustanis, 1878-1921’ in Indenture Papers: Studies on Girmitiyas, Vol. 1, pp 31-52.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2020a, ‘Hindostani Women in Suriname: From Coolies to Matriarchs’ in Pande. A. (ed.) Women in the Indian Diaspora: Indentured and Post-Indentured Experiences, Springer, New York.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2020b, ‘Indentured Hindustani Women in Suriname’ in Gounder, F. Hiralal, K. Pande, A. & Hassankhan, M. (eds.) Gender, Power and Memory: Legacies of Slavery and Indenture, Routledge, London.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2016a, ‘Hindustanis in Suriname 1873-1920: Indenture, Plantations and Beyond’ in Nidan, Vol. 1 (1), pp. 48-84.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2016b, Hindostaanse Contractarbeiders; van India naar de plantages in Suriname, LM Publishers, Volendam.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2014a, ‘Ethnicity and Politics: Political Adaption of Hindostanis in Suriname’ in Sociological Bulletin, Vol. 63 (3), pp. 407-431.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2014b, Hindostaanse Surinamers in Nederland 1973-2013, LM Publishers, Edam.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2012, Sarnami Hindostani 1920-1960. Worteling, Identiteit en Gemeenschapsvorming in Suriname, KIT Publishers, Karlsruhe.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2009, ‘From Bharat to Sri Ram Desh: The Emigration of Indian Indentured Labourers to Suriname’ in Rai, R. & Reeves, P. (eds.) The South Asian Diaspora: Transnational Networks and Changing Identities, Routledge, London, pp. 108-123.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2005, ‘Cultural identity and political development, the Indians of Suriname’ in La Guerre, J (ed) Calcutta to Caroni, Longman Caribbean, London.

Choenni, C.E.S. 2003, ‘Van Brits-Indië naar Suriname’ in Choenni, C.E.S. & Adhin, K.S. (eds.) Hinnostanen: Van-Brits-Indische Emigranten via Suriname tot Burgers van Nederland, Communicatiebureau Sampreshan, The Hague, pp. 20-53.

Coté, J. 2004, ‘Slaves, Coolies, and Garrison Whores: A Colonial Discourse of ‘Unfreedom’ in the Dutch East Indies’ in Campbell, G. & Elbourne, E. (eds.) Sex, Power, and Slavery, Ohio University Press, Athens, pp. 561-582.

Comins, D.W.D. 1892a, Note on Emigration from the East Indies to Surinam or Dutch Guiana, Baldwin & Co., Calcutta.

De Klerk, C.J.M. 1952, De immigratie der Hindostanen in Suriname, Urbi and Orbi, Amsterdam.

De Klerk, C.J.M. 1951, Cultus en Ritueel van het Orthodoxe Hindoeïsme in Suriname, Urbi and Orbi, Amsterdam.

Dew, E. 1978, The Difficult Flowering of Surinam: Ethnicity and Politics in a Plural Society, Martinus Nijhoff, The Netherlands.

Emmer, P. 1989, ‘The coolie ships; the transportation of indentured labourers between Calcutta and Paramaribo, 1873-1921’ in Friedland, K. (ed.) Maritime aspects of migration, Böhlau Verlag, Köln.

Emmer, P. 1987, ‘The Position of Indian Women in Surinam’ in Boletín des Estudios Latinoamericanos y Del Caribe, 43, pp. 115-120.

Emmer, P. 1986, ‘The Great Escape: The Migration of Female Indentured Servants from British India to Surinam (Dutch Guiana), 1873-1916’ in Marks, S & Richardson, P.D. (eds.) International Labour Migration, University of London, Temple Smith, London, pp. 90-111.

Emmer, P. 1984, ‘The Importation of British Indians into Surinam (Dutch Guiana), 1873-1906’ in Marks, S. & Richardson, P. (eds.) International Labour Migration: Historical Perspectives, Temple Smith, London, pp. 187-2107.

Fokken, M. 2018, Beyond being koelies and kantráki, Verloren Publishers, Hilversum.

Fokken, M. 1997, ‘Beyond stereotypes: Understanding the identities of Hindustani women and girls in Suriname between 1873 and 1921’ in Tijdschrift Voor Genderstudies, 18 (3), pp. 273-289.

Furnivall, J.S. 1948, Colonial Policy and Practice : A Comparative Study of Burma and Netherlands India, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Furnivall, J.S. (ed.) 1939, Netherlands India: A Study of a plural economy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Gautam, M.K. 2003, ‘Ethnic Identity of the East Indians in Surinam’ in Sharma, R. & Annamalai, E. (eds.) Indian Diaspora: In Search of Identity, Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore.

Gautam, M.K. 1999, ‘The Construction of the Indian Image in Surinam: Deconstructing Colonial Derogatory Notions and Reconstructing Indian Identity’ in Gosine, M. & Narine, D. (eds.) Sojourners to Settlers: Indian Migrants in the Caribbean and the Americas, Windsor Press, New York.

Gautam, M.K. 1995, ‘Munshi Rahman Khan (1874-1972): An Institution of the Indian Diaspora in Surinam’, paper presented at the Conference Challenge and Change: ‘The Indian Diaspora in its Historical and Contemporary Contexts’, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 11-18 August.

Gordijn, A. 2006, ‘Islam en globalisering in Suriname. De invloed van Globalisering op de religieuze praktijk van Hindostaanse Moslims in Paramaribo, een casestudy‘, Unpublished MA thesis, University of Utrecht.

Goslinga, C. 1990, The Dutch in the Caribbean and in Surinam, 1791-1942, Van Gorcum, Assen & Maastricht.

Gowricharn, R. 2015, ‘Creole Hegemony in Caribbean Societies: The Case of Suriname’ in Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, Vol. 15 (1), pp. 272-291.

Gowricharn, R. 2008, ‘De pluralisering van Suriname’ (‘The Pluralisation of Suriname’, Van Lier Lecture, 2008), Van Lier Lezing 2008 (online). Available at http://hu.leiden.edu/history/vanlierlezing/programma/programma-lhtml.

Gowricharn, R. 2001, ‘Sociale cohesive in een plural samenleving’ in Oso, Vol. 21 (1), pp. 70-82.

Guadeloupe, F. 2009, ‘Adieu aan de nikkers, koelies en makambas: een pleidooi voor de deconstructie van het resdenken binnen de Nederlandse Caraïbisitiek’, Van Lier Lezing 2009, (‘Goodbye to the nikkers, koelies and makambas: a plea for the deconstruction of racial thinking in Dutch Caribbean Studies. Van Lier Lecture 2009). Available online at http://www.caraibischeletteren.com/vanlier.html.

Hajary, H.N. 1937, ‘De verwacht wordende groote gebeurtenis onder de Britsch-Indiërs in Suriname‘ in De West-Indische Gids, 19 (2), pp. 1-3.

Hassankhan, M.S. 2016, ‘Islam and Indian Muslims in Suriname: A struggle for survival’ in Hassankhan, M., Vahed, G. and Roopnarine, L. (eds.) Indentured Muslims in the Diaspora: Identity and Belonging of Minority Groups in Plural Societies, Manohar, New Delhi, pp.183-228.

Hassankhan, M.S. 2014, ‘The Indian Indentured Experience in Suriname: Control, Accommodation and Resistance’ in Hassankhan, M.S., Lal, B.V., & Munro, D. (eds), Resistance and Indian Indenture Experience: Comparative Perspectives, Manohar, New Delhi, pp. 199-240.

Hassankhan, M.S. 1996, ‘Participatie van Hindostanen in de politek’ in Hassankhan, M. & Hira, S. 125 jaar maatschappelijke ontwikkeling van Hindostanen, Amrit/IMWO, Paramaribo/The Hague.

Hassankhan, M.S. 1993, ‘Immigratie en integratie van contractarbeiders: Hindostanen en Javanen (Immigration and integration of indentured labourers : Hindostanis and Javanese)’ in Gobardhan, L. & Hassankhan. M. (eds.) Immigratie en Ontwikkeling, Emancipatie van contractanten (Immigration and Development, Emancipation of Indentured Labourers), Amrit/IMWO, Paramaribo/The Hague.

Hassankhan, M.S., Bipat, R. & Abdoel, A. 2016, ‘Islam and Indian Muslims in Suriname: A Struggle for Survival’, article based on paper presented at 2012 conference ‘Legacy of Slavery and Indentured Labour’.

Hassankhan, M.S., Bipat, R. & Abdoel, A. 2013, ‘Hindustani Muslims in Suriname: The Challenges of Migration and Globalization – An Explorative Introduction’, paper presented at the Legacy of Slavery and Indentured Labour Conference, Paramaribo, 6-9 June.

Hira, S. 2008, ‘The Legacy of 135 Years of Indian Immigration in Suriname’, lecture given at The Hague, 5 June 2008, GOPIO.

Hira, S. 1987, ‘The Evolution of the Social, Economic and Political Position of the East Indians in Surinam, 1873-1980’ in Dabydeen, D. and Samaroo, B. (eds.) India in the Caribbean, Hansib, London.

Hira, S. 1983, ‘Class formation and class struggle in Surinam: the background and development of the coup d’etat’ in Ambursley, F. & Cohen, R. Crisis in the Caribbean, Heinemann, London.

Hira, S. 1982, Van Priary tot en met De Kom. De geschiedenis van het verzet in Suriname, 1630-1940, G.J. Schutte, Rotterdam.

Hoefte, R. 2001, ‘The Development of a Multi-ethnic Plantation Economy: An Introduction to the History of Suriname from circa 1650 to 1900’ in Hoefte, R. & Meel, P. (eds.), Twentieth-century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, Ian Randle Publishers, Jamaica, pp. 1-22.

Hoefte, R. 1998a, In Place of Slavery: A Social History of British Indian and Javanese Labourers in Suriname, University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

Hoefte, R. 1998b, ‘A Passage to Surinam? The Migration of Modes of Resistance by Asian Contract Labourers’ in International Labor and Working Class History, 54, pp. 19-39.

Hoefte, R. 1989, ‘Control and Resistance: Indentured Labour in Suriname’ in Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 61, pp. 1-22.

Hoefte, R. 1987a, ‘Female Indentured Labour in Suriname’ in Boletin de Estudios Latinamericanos Y Del Caribe, June 1987.

Hoefte, R. 1987b, ‘Plantation Labour After the Abolition of Slavery: The Case of the Plantation Marienburg (Suriname), 1880-1940, PhD dissertation, University of Florida.

Hoefte, R. 1987c, ‘Het politieke bewustzijn van Hindostaanse en Javaanse contractarbeiders in Suriname’ in OSO, Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse Taalkunde, Letterkunde en Geschiedenis, 6 (1).

Hoefte, R. 1987d, ‘The Position of Female British Indian and Javanese Contract Laborers in Suriname: A Last Word‘ in Boletín de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 43, pp. 121-123.

Houben, V. & Seibert, J. 2013, ‘(Un)freedom: Colonial Labour Relations in Belgian Congo and the Dutch East Indies Compared’ in Frankema, E. & Buelens, F. (eds.) Colonial Exploitation and Economic Development – The Belgian Congo and the Netherlands Indies Compared, Routledge, London & New York, pp. 178-192.

Ismael, J.E. 1949, De immigratie van Indonesiers in Suriname, Brill, Leiden.

Jaffe, R. 2011, ‘Hegemonic dissolution in Suriname? Recent challenges to pluralist politics’ in Meeks, B. (ed.) M.G. Smith and the Emergence of Social Anthropology and Social Theory in the Caribbean and Beyond, Ian Randle, Kingston, pp. 185-195.

Jagdew, E. 2014, Vrede temidden van oorlog in Suriname 1667-1863, Anton de Kom Universiteit, Paramaribo.

Karsten, Rev. R. 1930, De Britisch-Indiers in Suriname. Een Korte Schets Benevens een Handeling voor de Beginselen van het Hindi, Martinus Nijhof, Dordrecht.

Khodabaks-Hasnoe, R. & Habieb, M. 1999, ‘Gender Issues in the Indian Joint Family System in Contemporary Rural Suriname’ in Kanhai, R. (ed.) Makitor: The Politics of Identity for Indo-Caribbean Women, University of the West Indies School of Continuing Studies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, pp. 32-39.

Klerk, C.J.M. de. 1998, Cultus En Ritueel Van Het Orthodoxe Hindoeïsme in Suriname: Boek I, Amrit, The Netherlands.

Klerk, C.J.M. de. 1953, De immigratie der Hindostanen in Suriname, Koloniaal Verslag, 1872-1940, Urbi et Ordi, Amsterdam.

Klinkers, E. 1997, ‘Op hoop van vrijheid:  Van slavensamenleving naar Creoolse gemeenschap in Suriname, 1830-1880’ (On Hope for Freedom: From Slave Society to Creole Society in Suriname, 1830-1880), unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leiden.

Kopijn, Y. 1998, ‘Constructions of ethnicity in the diaspora: the case of three generations of Surinamese-Javanese women in the Netherlands’ in Chamberlain, M. (ed.) Caribbean Migrations: Globalised Identities, Routledge, New York, pp. 109-126.

Lal, Brij V. 2009b, ‘The Hague Immigration Lecture, 2008: Marking the 135th anniversary of the arrival of Indian people in Suriname’ in Fijian Studies, 7 (1), pp. 145-154.

Lalmohamed, B. 1992, Hindoestaanse vrouwen: De geschiedenis van 6 generaties, Van Arkel, Utrecht.

Lalmohamed, J. 1998, ’De invloed van de Hindostaanse moslims‘  in Mitrasigh, B.S. & Harpal, M.S. (eds.) Hindostanen van contractarbeiders tot Surinamers, 1873-1998, Stichting Hindostaanse Immigratie, Paramaribo, pp. 66-71.

Lamur, H., Boldweijn, N. & Dors, R. 2014, West Indische Contract Arbeiders in Suriname 1863-1899. Hoge [kinder] sterfte en lag geboorteniveau, Stichting Matzeliger Institut, Paramaribo.

Leir, R.A.J. van. 1971, Frontier Society: A social Analysis of the History of Suriname, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.

Luning, H. & Sital, P. 1979, ‘The economic transformation of small holder rice farming in Surinam’ in Cross, M. & Marks A. (eds.) Peasants, Plantations and Rural Communities in the Caribbean, Department of Sociology, University of Surrey, Leiden.

Lynne Bakke, B. 2007. ‘Contested Equality: Social Relations Between Indian and Surinamese Hindus in Amsterdam’ in Oonk. G. (ed.) Global Indian Diasporas, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.

Mahabir, K. 2011, ‘The Indian Diaspora in Belize, Guadeloupe and Suriname’ in Indian Arrival Day, Vol. 12 (1).

Mahase, R., Roopnarine, L., Hassankhan, M.S. & White, C. (eds.) 2017, Legacy of Slavery and Indentured Labour: Historical and Contemporary Issues in Suriname and the Caribbean, Routledge, London.

Mahawatkhan, M.A. 2003, ‘Hindostaanse moslims en hun organisatievorming’ in Choenni, C.E.S. & Adhin, K. Sh. (eds.) Hindostanen. Van Brits-Indische emigranten via Suriname tot burgers van Nederland, Sampresan, The Hague, pp. 122-137.

Majumder, M. (ed.) 2010, Kahe Gaile Bides, Why Did You Go Overseas?: On Bhojpuri Migration since the 1870s and Contemporary Culture in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, Suriname and the Netherlands, Mango Books, London.

Man-A-Hing, W. 1993, ‘De Chinese bevolkingsgroep: een geisoleerde groep?’ in Gobardhan, L. & Hassankhan, M.S. (eds.) Immigratie en Ontwikkeling: Emancipatie van contractanten (Immigration and Development: Emancipation of Indentured Labourers), University of Suriname, Paramaribo, pp. 51-68.

Man-A-Hing, W. 1992, ‘The Hakkas in Surinam’, paper presented at International Conference on Hakkaology, Hong Kong, 1992.

Marchand, I. 2014, ‘Being Dogla: Hybridity and Ethnicity in Post-Colonial Suriname’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.

McNeil, J. & Lal, C. 1915b, Report on the Condition of Indian Immigrants in the Four British Colonies – Trinidad, British Guiana or Demerara, Jamaica and Fiji, and in the Dutch Colony of Suriname or Dutch Guiana, HMSO, London.

Meel, P. 1998, ‘Towards a typology of Suriname Nationalism’ in New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, Vo. 72 (3-4), pp. 257-281.

Miller, N.B. 2017, Contracting Labor: Mobile Medica and the Nexus of Indenture between Hawai’i, Tahiti and Suriname, 1865-69, Working Paper, In-Between empires: Trans-Imperial History in a Global Age, Humboldt University, Berlin, 15-16 September 2017.

Mohkamsingh, N. 2013, ‘The Dhantál Enigma’, paper presented at the conference ‘Legacy of Slavery and Indentured Labour, 6-10 June, 2013, Paramirobo, University of Suriname.

Mügge, L.M. 2011, ‘Diversity in Transnationalism: Surinamese Organizational Networks’ in International Migration, Vol. 49 (3), pp. 52-75.

Niekerk, Mies van. 2004, ‘Afro-Caribbeans and Indo-Caribbeans in the Netherlands: Premigration Legacies and Social Mobility’ in International Migration Review, Vol. 38 (1), pp. 158-183.

Niekerk, Mies van. 2002, Premigration Legacies and Immigrant Social Mobility: The Afro-Surinamese and Indo-Surinamese in the Netherlands, Lexington Books, Lanham.

Nurmohamed, M.S.A. 1986, De Geschiedenis van de Islam in Suriname (The History of Islam in Surinam), University of Suriname, Paramaribo.

Oostindie, G. 2008, ‘Migration and its legacies in the Dutch Colonial world’ in Oostindie, G. Dutch Colonialism, migration and cultural heritage, KITLV Press, Leiden.

Oostindie, G. 2006, ‘The Study of Ethnicity in the Dutch Caribbean’ in Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies, Vol. 1 (2), pp. 215-230.

Oostindie, G. 2005, Paradise Overseas. The Dutch Caribbean: Colonialism and its Transatlantic Legacies, Macmillan, Oxford.

Orna, H. 1999, ‘A Brief History of East Indians In Surinam’ in Gosine, M. (ed.) Sojourners to Settlers. Indian Migrants in the Caribbean and the Americas, Windsor Press, USA.

Prins, J. 1961, ‘De Islam in Suriname: Een Oriëntatie’ in NWIG, 51 (1), pp. 14-37.

Ramsoedh, H. 1995, ‘De Nederlandse assimilatiepolitiek in Suriname tussen 1863 en 1945 (The Dutch Assimilation Policy between 1863 and 1940)’ in Gobardhan, L. Hassankhan, M.S. & Egger J. (eds.) De erfenis van de slavernij (The Legacy of Slavery), University of Suriname, Paramaribo, pp. 114-133.

Schalkwijk, M. 2013, ‘Ethnic representation in Surinamese Politics between 1975-2010’, paper presented at Sheets Conference 6-10 June 2013, Parmaribo.

Sewgobind, P. 2019, ‘Cosmopolitan Meandericity : Surinamese Entanglements of Memory, Race, and Coloniality’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Potsdam.

Singh, S-A, 2020, Review of Beyond being koelies and kantráki: Constructing Hindostani identities in Suriname in the era of indenture, 1873-1921 by Fokken, M. in New West Indian Guide, 94 (1-3).

Sinha-Kerkhoff, K & Bal, E. 2003, ‘Eternal call of the Ganga: Reconnecting with people of Indian origin in Surinam‘ in Economic and Political Weekly, September 20, 2003.

Sitaram, T. 2016, ‘Tracing the past of Hindustani Indentured Women in Surinam, 1873-1921’ in Hassankhan.M. et al. (eds.) Social and Cultural Dimension of Indian Indentured Labour and its Diaspora, Manohar Publishers, New Delhi, pp.77-112.

Sitaram, T. 2013, ‘The Position of Hindustani Female Women before, during, and after the Indentured period, 1873-1940’, paper presented at Conference on Bonded Labour, Migration, Diaspora and Identity Formation in Historical and Contemporary Contexts, 6-10 June 2013, Paramaribo, Suriname.

Snelders, S. 2017, ‘Transformations and Discussion: Suriname and the Netherlands, 1863-1890’ in Snelders, S. Leprosy and Colonialism: Suriname under Dutch Rule, 1750-1950, Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp.119-141.

Snellen, E. 1933, ‘De aanvoer van arbeiders voor den landbouw in Suriname’, PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen.

Speckmann, J.D. 1967, ‘The Caste System and the Hindustani Group in Surinam’ in B.M. Schwartz (ed.) Caste in Overseas Indian Communities, Chandler Publishing Co., San Francisco.

Speckmann, J.D. 1965, Marriage and Kinship among the Indians in Surinam, Van Gorcum, Assen.

Speckmann, J.D. 1963, ‘The Indian Group in the Segmented Society of Surinam’ in Caribbean Studies, 1963.

St-Hilaire, A. 2001, ‘Ethnicity, Assimilation and Nation in Plural Suriname’ in Ethnic and Racial Studies, 24 (6), pp. 998-1019.

Strange, S. 2019, ‘Indigenous Spirits, Pluralist Sovereignty and the Aporia of Surinamese Hindu Belonging’ in Ethnos, 84 (4), pp. 642-659.

Swamy, P. 2016, ‘Temple Building and the Myth of the Multicultural City among Hindus in the Bijlmer’ in Etnfoor, Vol. 28, (2), pp. 55-75.

Termorshuizen, T. 2008, ‘Indentured Labour in the Dutch Colonial Empire, 1800-1940’ in Oostindie, G. (ed.) Dutch Colonialism, Migration and Cultural Heritage, KITLV Press, Leiden.

Thakur, M. A. 1989, ‘British and Dutch Colonial Policies in Guyana and Surinam’ in Birbalsingh, F. (ed.) Indenture and Exile: The Indo-Caribbean Experience, TSAR, Toronto.

Tjoe Nij, T. 1979, ‘The East Indians of Suriname’. Paper presented at 11th Conference of Caribbean Historians, Curacao.

Tjon Sie Fat, P. 2009, Chinese New Migrants in Suriname: The Inevitability of Ethnic Performing, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.

Tseng, F. 1990, ‘Ethnicity and Circumstance: The Chinese in Surinam and the Netherlands’, paper presented at UNESCO Conference, Port of Spain, May 28-June 1, 1990.

Van der Burg, C. & Van der Veer, P. 1986, ‘Pundits, Power and Profit: Religious Organization and the Construction of Identity among the Surinamese Hindus‘ in Ethnic and Racial Studies, 9 (4), pp. 514-528.

Van der Veer, P. 1996, ‘Authenticity and Authority in Surinamese Hindu Ritual’ in Dabydeen, D. & Samaroo, B. (eds.) Across the Dark Waters: Ethnicity and Indian Identity in the Caribbean, Macmillan Caribbean, London, pp. 131-146.

Van der Veer, P. 1991, ‘Religious Therapies and their Valuation Among Surinamese Hindustani in the Netherlands’ in Vertovec, S. (ed.) Aspects of the South Asian Diaspora, University Press, Delhi, pp. 36-56.

Van Rossum, M. 2016, ‘Coolie Transformations – Uncovering the Changing Meaning and Labour Relations of Coolie Labour in the Dutch Empire (18th and 19th Century) in Damir-Geilsdorf, S. et al., (eds.) Bonded Labour: Global and Comparative Perspectives (18th-21st Century), Verlag, Bielefeld, pp. 83-102.

Van Tuyl, L.Y. 2001, ‘The Racial Politics of Being Dogla and of ‘Asian’ Descent in Suriname’ in Williams-León, T. & Nakashima, C.L. (eds.), The Sum of Our Parts: Mixed-Heritage Asian Americans, Temple University Press, Philadelphia.

Verkade-Cartier van Dissel, E.F. 1937, De mogelijkheid van landbouwkolonisatie voor blanken in Suriname, H.J. Paris, Amsterdam.

Vernooij, J. & van der Burg, C.J. 1986, ‘Hindostaanse Islam in Suriname en Nederland‘ in van der Burg, C.J. (ed.) Surinaamse Religies in Nederland. Hindoeïsme, Winti, Hindostaanse Islam, VU Uitgeverij, Amsterdam, pp. 37-62.

Vertovec, S. 1996, ‘Official and popular Hinduism in the Caribbean: historical and contemporary trends in Surinam, Trinidad, and Guyana’ in Dabydeen, D. & Samaroo, B. (eds.) Across the dark waters: ethnicity and Indian identity in the Caribbean, Macillian Caribbean, London.

Vertovec, S. 1994, ‘’Official’ and ‘Popular’ Hinduism in Diaspora: Historical and Contemporary Trends in Surinam, Trinidad and Guyana’ in Contributions to Indian Sociology, 28 (1), pp. 123-147.

Ward, K. 2009, Networks of Empire: Forced Migration in the Dutch East India Company, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Wekker, G. 2001, ‘Of Mimic Men and Unruly Women’ in Hoefte, R. & Meel, P. (eds.), Twentieth-century Suriname: Continuities and Discontuities in a New World Society, Ian Randle Publishers, Jamaica, pp. 174-197.

Yakpo, K. et al. 2015, ‘On the Linguistic Consequences of Language Contact in Suriname: The Case of Convergence’ in Carlin, E.B. et al. (eds.) In and Out of Suriname: Language, Mobility and Identity, Brill, Leiden, pp. 164-195.